Current Issue

PCB designers can have many different career pathways.

The route a PCB designer takes through the job market can lead to a number of different outcomes.

A board designer comes in with a knowledge set that helps transform an abstract schematic into physical electronics. A lot of that has to do with knowing what happens downstream from the day the artwork was created. The steps involved with PCB fabrication and assembly are complex, even for the simplest of jobs.

Take a factory tour and notice the rooms full of different machinery. Material is cut to shape and drilled in a kinetic energy field that makes so much noise. Vast plating lines do serial dunking in different vats of bubbling hazards. These are the CAD data manifested in copper for the first time.

Another room is more Zen, with tons of pressure and high temperature being applied. It’s a slow process, and the presses are very expensive. This is usually a small factory’s bottleneck. Down the hall, a brightly lit room full of automated optical inspection equipment ensures compliance. What we do on the monitors plays out across the factory.

Read more: So You’re a Designer. Now What?

Four important lessons gleaned over a three-decade design career.

There’s an old saying among test pilots: “Any landing that you can walk away from is a good landing.” They also know that there are old pilots, there are bold pilots, but no old, bold pilots – or so the saying goes. If you want to hang around as a PCB designer, you can only hope to walk away from your mistakes with your career intact. So, this is a chance to learn from my mistakes from 35 years of design work.

Going all the way back to the ’90s finds me in my first PCB design role. I had just taken an internal transfer to the commercial side of the business after a couple of years of feeding from the government trough. My manager on the mil-spec side, Merrill, was a father of a dozen children and was an all-around nice guy, perhaps a bit of a pushover.

Before applying for the transfer, I wanted to talk with Merrill, so I came up behind him and asked if he wanted to go to Armadillo Willy’s, a local barbecue place, for lunch. I didn’t see that he had a sandwich in his hand and was about to take the first bite. Instead, the sandwich hit the desk with a thunk, and we were off to the restaurant. Such was his dedication to his people.

Read more: Learning to Fly

Accounting for the assembly process will put your design on the fast track.

Thought-provoking questions keep coming my way, and then it’s down the old rabbit hole. So it goes something like this: “How do we integrate so many different parts in such a small PCB area?” The answer is a little deeper than the geometry of Tetris, but that’s a good illustration of packing the available space. This, of course, starts with the CAD symbol library and manifests in the assembly yields at the factory. We have to connect those dots.

Read more: Solder and Stencil Considerations for Double-Sided PCBs

The outline of a PCB can serve as more than a simple perimeter.

The perimeter of a PCB defines the extent of whatever electronics have to be packaged therein. The outline can also serve other functions.

Printed circuit boards come in many shapes and sizes. The first thing the outline gives us is the resulting routable area. The positional variation of each layer in the stackup requires us to compensate with a little pullback of the metal from the edge.

These days, pulling the metal back from the edge by 8 mils (0.2mm) is sufficient for most fabricators. I went to a PCB conference walking from booth to booth and asked all the fabricators what their minimum pull back from the edge would be for production quantities. A few of them, call it 20%, said they could plate the board to within 5 mils (0.127mm) of the edge. In a special case, we used lasers to define the edge and had metal just 2 mils (0.05mm) away.

The next increment is to plate right to the edge and wrap copper around to the other side. Edge plating is used in cases where we want to create a more complete Faraday cage around a circuit. It’s also possible to pass voltage and ground from the top to the bottom around the edge of the board or even using a slot within the outline of a board.

Read more: Living on the Edge

Page 70 of 228